英汉互译中数字的模糊表达
汉语中存在着很多界定不清的词语,这就不可避免地产生模糊。数字的表达似乎应该是精确的,但事实上汉语数字也可能表达模糊的语义,如汉语中的三、六、九等等。在翻译中我们要注意译文保留原文的模糊性。
例1.银河宛转三千曲,浴凫飞鹭澄波绿。(李国南,第54页)
The Milky-Way-like river winds from bend to bend; Cranes fly o’er pure green waves with which wild ducks blend.
评析:译文用英语的叠字结构bend to bend;来转译原文的模糊 表达“三千曲”,起到了同样模糊的效果。如机械译成has 3,000 bends,在英语中呈现实的语义,不妥当。
例2.王冕一路风餐露宿,九十里大站,七十里小站,一径来到山东济南府地方。(《儒林外史》)
Braving the wind and dew,Wang Mian traveled day after day past large posting stations and small, till he came to the city of Jinan.(杨宪益、戴乃迭译)
评析:以上的“九十里”、“七十里”都不可能是精确的数字,英译时不妨进行模糊处理。
例3.薛蟠也假说来上学,不过是“三天打鱼,两天晒网”……却不曾有一点儿进益。(《红楼梦》)
Xue Pan had hastened to register himself as a pupil. His school-going was,needless to say,a pretence—“one day fishing and two days to dry the net” as they say—and had nothing to do with the advancement of learning-(杨宪益、戴乃迭译)
评析:原文中的“三”、“两”皆为虚指,具有模糊性,译者并没有将其译为three和two,因为这在英语中显得是实义词。译者却改one 和two,保持了虚义。
例4.非常委屈,有时候觉得比单纯忙碌的蚂蚁还可怜。但是,我邂逅了一位老太太,比我可怜一千倍。(《高级汉英语篇翻译》)
Sorry for myself,I sometimes thought that I was more pitiable than the ants that just keep themselves busy all day long. But one day I happened to meet an elderly lady who should be considered far more “pitiable” than I. (居祖纯 译)
评析:“ 可怜一千倍”。“一千倍”是模糊数,译作a thousandtimes more…也可以,但似乎过于夸张,实际译作far more就够了。 还有……单纯忙碌的蚂蚁……”,“单纯”的对应词可以在各种汉英词典上找到,似都不合适。这里的意思似为“妈蚁一天到晚没有乐趣、 没有希望。只有无谓的劳动”。这样的意思似用just —个词就能表达。
例5.孔雀东南飞,五里一徘徊。
译文 1 :Southeast the lovelorn peacock flies. Alack,
At every mile she falters and looks back- (Eric Edney & Cao Dun 译)
译文 2 : A pair of peacocks southeast fly;
At each mile they look back and cry.(许渊冲译)
评析:英语中没有“里”的概念,“公里”的概念在日常生活中又不常用,所以有时需要用mile来近似地表达一下。此外,五里在此系虚指,英译时两个译文都未照直译。

